Women's electoral enfranchisement was a critical milestone in the march toward dignity for all.
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On this date in 1920, the 19th Amendment took effect, giving women the right to vote throughout the United States. Given how essential women are in contemporary civic life, it is hard to fathom that within the last century some American women were denied access to the ballot box.
In commemorating women's enfranchisement, we seek to examine how well society lives up to its ideal of providing equal dignity and worth to all.
Utah was at the vanguard of the women's suffrage movement. A full half century before the ratification of the 19th Amendment, Utah's territorial Legislature granted Utah's women the right to vote, becoming the second major jurisdiction in the nation to enfranchise women. Women's voting rights, however, were stripped away by a spiteful Congress with passage of the Edmunds-Tucker Act in 1887.
When Utahns finally secured statehood in 1896, the Utah Constitution not only restored the franchise to Utah's women, it ensured women's right to hold elected office and explicitly provided that "Both male and female citizens of this State shall enjoy equally all civil, political and religious rights and privileges."
On this Women's Equality Day, there is much to celebrate about the achievement of women in American society since the time they were granted electoral equality nationally. Women now regularly serve as Cabinet members, senators and representatives, and as justices and judges. They provide top executive leadership in industry, academia, media and the professions.
Nationally, more women than men enroll in and graduate from college. Women make up half the workforce. And legislation such as the Civil Right Act, the Equal Pay Act and the Lilly Ledbetter Act provide women with important legal protections against discrimination on the basis of sex in the workplace.
Despite these important accomplishments, however, it still feels as though society is far from realizing its aspiration to provide equal dignity to individuals regardless of their sex.
For example, on average, women employed in the workforce earn less than their male colleagues. Some wish to attribute that variance to personal decisions that might affect pay, such as taking a hiatus from work to raise children. But even when researchers painstakingly account for such life choices, women still earn roughly 10 percent less than men.
That kind of measurable discrepancy ought to trouble employers and policymakers. But there are other somewhat less measurable cultural issues related to the equal dignity of the sexes that are similarly, if not more concerning.
